Operational details of the export tax rebate process

 Accidentally see a friend operational details of the export tax rebate induction process, I feel pretty good, a step down a very clear, learn about, share it
summarized:
with stub.)


verification form CERTIFICATE OF VERIFICATION Total triple, stub companies, banks and export tax rebate joint endorsement joint. Because of the constant changes in export policy, the current write-off single in practice the only export tax rebate also exert their effects.
blank verification form needs to be done before the declaration prepared:
1, triple verification forms of export units and unit code are required to complete , stamped or handwritten may
2, together with the associated seal between the export unit straddle cover
tenth the export verification rules
blank verification forms four long-term effect. The following electronic port
talk of unilateral action on the write-off
one, log e-Port
www.chinaport.gov.cn/ pub operator inserted IC card, enter the password
Figure 1,

Figure 1, the system registry if a problem, you can choose the , you can consult the electronic port
II, into the operating page
Figure 2


A, Change Password page in the left
B, commonly used is shown in the figure export proceeds, user group can not download or view attachments
Pisces A
2007-11-5 14:17


Three, , the verification form to apply to SAFE to apply for business
verification form before you enter the e-Port on the verification form to apply
Figure 3


into the exchange earnings, >
pop-up SAFE collect paper, application. Need to apply for the first time, with export contracts. SAFE export under the scale, write-off status and other factors verification form issued to enterprises, such as the release number of the verification form does not meet the number of enterprise applications, and the actual needs of enterprises, you can write off a single application submitted to the SAFE report to illustrate the practical needs of business-to-state verification form to apply for special approval

(b), the port for the record
Figure 5


Step 1 Enter the verification in the value of a single number
Step 2 Click on the No links
into Figure 7
Step 1, the Select)
Step 2, Step 3 Click OK
, pop-up dialog window, confirm that
Figure 8

pop-up After the operation is successful, the Department will receive the electronic information within half an hour.
Tip: verification form must be filed in the electronic port before use.
verification form companies to pay single customs declaration, the customs declarations will be out and tax write-off linked together, and cover the verification form the Customs Union seal of tax rebates and customs units returned. received from the customs declaration form and return the verification should be submitted in the electronic data port, for now Introduction to submit verification forms to the left of the page
operating companies pay a single
choose to write off a single 043 119 173 Figure 16 Example


Step 1 br> Step 2 Click on the Click the blue link to write off a single number
Figure 18
pop-up After the success of the general operation of electronic port, Customs will in half an hour to electronic information.
Tip: verification form must be filed in the electronic port before use. Enterprises pay a single
verification form declaration, the Customs Union will be a declaration of write-off and the tax rebate and tax write-off single Customs Union seal of cover, and return customs units. Received from the customs declaration form and return the verification should be submitted in the electronic data port, and now introduce to submit verification forms to the left of the page
operating companies pay a single
choose to write off a single 043 119 173 Figure 16 for the Cases


Step 1 4 shows the red circle declarations tax rebate for submission of export declarations (hence the yellow paper, so called yellow together)
this article to highlight the data submitted under the declaration sample



data declarations submitted < br> (I), the query submitted to the
Figure 2 from the front page to enter the export tax rebate subsystem operation, click on the left side of the verification forms to the corresponding declaration No. 043119173 (after nine): 537517822 example

Step 1, Circle 3
Step 3 Click the red circle 4 shows the > A at the Such as the right to submit
Step 1 click on the E-Port above the record, pay a single is taken from the Pisces A's, assuming occurrence of export, the goods have been processed to complete, September 12 timetable, then we will certainly be before the September 10 port of export proceeds in the electronic filing, your good record, you can take the relevant documents (declaration, power of attorney declaration, packing list, invoice, write-off single) to the freight forwarding, and forwarding the middle of a few days can make have the time to declaration. . . Within one week after the boat you can obtain a copy of the freight bill of lading (time forwarding to a formal bill of lading is to you to the middle of the general expenses incurred by settlement), pre-entry list; with bills of lading, you can pass on to customers, and relying on Pre-entry before you can open a single invoice of the export.
about a month or so, which is Oct. 15 about it, you can get the declaration, can rely on export volume and export declarations to do it pay a single tax a; the way wrote the process of it, in front of the icon is clear. 1: pay a single verification form: Click Export Proceeds - Business Exchange Single - Enter the verification form - to set the conditions - began to find - click verification form - check - pay a single click - click OK - make a single complete . 2: The tax rebate submitted: Click on the export tax rebate - Enter the declaration number, date of export - Click the conditions set - Click declaration number - check - click submit - Click OK - completed the sellers. Theory, the formal declaration before they can get to pay a single, in fact, we just got done pre-entry and declarations alone can ensure the same circumstances we can do is pay a single, in order to prevent the event, or wait until the declaration down doing, hehe.
9 月 12 日 -10 15 between, you can urge customers to transfer, T / T, then faster, the money credited into account, you can go to the bank settlement, settlement of At the same time the commission can be paid off, there is also the sea freight sea freight paid.
finished above, insert one in September we can do tax-free export declaration (the declaration period from 90 days from the date of export, reporting 1-10 hours per month, that is, the 1-10 October) declared in the export tax rebate system, that system not open today, said about how to operate it,

: Invoice Part 1: The respective period, according to the export of goods complete reporting month, a total of 6, the top four for the year, Wei after two months, pay attention to when the forward declaration of decreasing a filling (this month reported last month); 2: report number: the system automatically generates; 3: Export Invoice number: Invoice code that exported the last four + NO: Invoice serial number (format 0670 +12345678); 4: export: According to the actual date of export declaration forms completed, taking into account the declaration of the first tax declaration is also possible not down, you can pre-entry based on a single fill; 5: the nature of trade: According to the declaration to fill in; 6: Invoice Amount: Total export receipts in foreign currency into RMB exchange rate * current; 7: accounting document number: According to the certificate account No complete; declaration part 1: number: The system automatically; 2: declaration number: 18 customs declarations encoded 9 + item number three (in the format 123456789001) could not open system that can only be recorded as live in these, the declaration should have some part, but are good fill.
invoices and customs declarations are filled in part after the declaration of the data to do tax-free deal with.
1: print the tax returns reporting data processing clarity - print reporting data - tax-free return (input belongs on) - Print tax return schedule;
2: free data free of data generation Processing - Generate report data - tax return data - the input belongs on - the village committee or computer diskette;
3: Upload the data file will generate tax-free duty-free import tax data files integrated electronic reporting system and VAT reporting period.
your payment has been settlement, the case of declarations have been received, you can go to the SAFE to write off the (declaration, verification, bank memo, note in Table 2 Zhang). After verification, access to export a single verification system,

1: click on the verification form information - write off a single entry - submitted to the respective period of auto-generated - verification form - Nuclear Single sales amount - Click OK;
2: Data submitted - From the verification forms of information - belongs on the automatic generation - Select the period belongs to all - to determine transmission - print report data.
good information input verification form after the upload through the tax system.

can now do a tax return (filing deadline from 90 days from the date of export, reporting 1-10 hours per month, or 10 months 1-15) Pre-tax return, including reporting and formal declaration:
1: tax return data entry - the fourth column entry declaration number (format with the tax-free) input enter key, the system automatically into the relevant information, 8-phase column entry corresponding to the write-off single number, check the save.
2: Summary of input tax under the current VAT return entry;
3: Pre-report data processing - generating reporting data - pre-declared data (input respective period) - saved as a floppy disk or computer-generated data about into the system, upload rebate Department; waiting for tax refund audit is correct, print the feedback form in the five forms;
4: print tax returns reporting data processing data - print reporting data - tax reporting - the option of step, the print statements; three forms, tax summary, detailed tax returns, tax summary table;
5: Generate data file tax return data processing - the data generated report - the official declaration of the data - saved as a floppy disk or the computer will generated data into the system, upload rebate at the same time, upload certificate to print.

to now, the system's operation has been completed, the last only in the export tax rebate to the official declaration of the Internet reporting system, reporting record sheets to print out the feedback form +3 +5 Zhang Zhang rebate Return + Schedule + VAT export tax rebate + export invoice declarations submitted to tax office, so it's done, and remember to keep a record of these things.

From State Road to the High Speed ​​Rail A Change of a dream

 From State Road to the High Speed ​​Rail: A Change of a dream
Li Thunder < / p>
China is now everywhere in the construction of high-speed railway, expressway from the first to have a high iron, but the time interval of 20 years. State Road, the highest speed limit is 80 km / h, the maximum highway speed limit to 120 km / h, while the maximum speed limit of alleged high-speed rail can this year to 380 km / hour. Increase the speed of change not only our time and space, there is more unexpected changes.

321 State Road: China to go on the road to a big manufacturing country in the absence of high-speed
before the National Road is the lifeline of transportation, even now, also bear an important role in the transport of goods. 321 State Road, from Chengdu, after Neijiang, Luzhou, Guiyang, Guilin, Wuzhou, Zhaoqing and Guangzhou, across four provinces, a length of 2220 km. This is a very memorable way, because it is from the west towards the most economically developed provinces of Guangdong, China to become leading manufacturing power in the Pearl River Delta.
photo was taken earlier this month, several migrant workers walking in the muddy streets of Guiyang.
321 National Road is a road of migration of farmers in western China, Sichuan is China's largest provincial population (in the municipality of Chongqing is not set before), but also most of the provinces of peasant workers, and Guizhou is the poorest province in China, land is scarce many people lead to poverty; and State Road 321 is relatively close to endure Western, also is a very poor area, and even the west of Guangdong, is also poorer. Farmers in these areas to go out in the past 30 years, and continue to State Road 321 along the Pearl River Delta region to work. Now, where they work has become the most developed cities in the country.
we can look at last year, Guangdong's GDP reached 4.56 trillion, accounting for one-eighth of the country, if another 5-6 years on, the total is likely to catch up with the South Korean economy. Similarly, Guangdong is the largest number of migrants should be more than 3 million, most of them migrant workers, and Dongguan, Guangdong to attract is a place where most migrant workers, the highest year to reach nearly a million people. Therefore, global economies of scale in Dongguan myth, called the miracle in the history of urban development world: the head and the computer chassis production accounts for 40% of the world, CCL and drive of the world 30%, IBM, Compaq, HP, Bell and other computer Company regarded as an important component sourcing base in Dongguan. Chinese clothing for 1 / 5 from Dongguan, and more than 200 million annual sweater; it is the largest export base of Chinese furniture. Shenzhen's exports in 2010 is expected to more than 200 billion U.S. dollars, the size of India is the world's second most populous country's total exports in 2010.
the PRD's industrial miracle created a China miracle, 2011 will be another memorable year, because the added value of China's manufacturing industry will surpass the United States, China really become a global manufacturing power. And so China has become a big manufacturing country, it is those along State Road 321, 318 State Road (State Road, the longest in China, from Tibet, 30 degrees north latitude along the line of camphor to Shanghai), and other traditional route to the Pearl River and Yangtze River Delta migrant workers.
the past 30 years, growth in China's economic miracle, the U.S. In the 90's is the Chinese farmers. Chinese farmers in the past 30 years of continuous migration to the east coast for the development of China's manufacturing industry has endless cheap labor, very monotonous assembly line in a continuous 10 hours of women workers in Shenzhen, the number of entrepreneurial success to his own small factory dream of becoming a global industry leader. China's per capita GDP in 2010 will exceed 4000 U.S. dollars, has become a lower middle-income countries, we should be erected in the 321 national highway monument to commemorate those who have changed the fate of China's migrant workers.

High Speed ​​Rail to change the real estate situation: Let the second and third tier cities premium fly
It is reported that China's high-speed rail operations this year will exceed the total mileage of 13,000 km, from the Ministry of Railways in 2004 to develop high-speed railway in 2020 the total mileage of China's 16,000 km above the already near, the total mileage of China's high-speed rail will be more than the total mileage of the developed countries and high-speed rail, while the United States have not so far high-speed rail.

2011 年 1 11, a New Harmony in use for high-speed train left the Chongqing Railway Station, bound for Beijing. China also opened the same day and from the Chongqing and Shanghai, Chengdu and Beijing, Chengdu and Shanghai motor car.
China High Speed ​​Rail's maximum operating speed of creating a world first, the speed increases to shorten the distance of space. For example, after the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway, Changsha to Guangzhou only two hours, this way, China's most developed cities of Changsha and the distance suddenly diminishes, the original very low prices in Changsha, Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed rail in the eve to start And Hunan Chenzhou was originally a place few tourists, but now only 1 hour from Guangzhou in the past, where a weekend vacation and leisure in Guangdong where tourists.
high-speed rail does re-set the Chinese territory, originally thought to remote places, all of a sudden narrowing of the distance from the perspective of the regional economy, it brings not only the industrial development opportunities, land prices are rising more direct investment opportunities and greatly enhance the local government financial resources. Therefore, the development of high-speed rail can not be simply understood as the improvement of transport, but the concept of life, investment opportunities, and GDP growth. However, when you sit in the empty high-speed train, like sitting on a train in Germany or France, without the noise and congestion, without the uncomfortable distributing a variety of flavors, and dream into the future. Style luxury high-speed rail stations, such as the airport, getting the train station in Europe to shame. Even the middle of the station, may also wish to villages in the palace erected a sudden, with the surrounding buildings in stark contrast.
the emergence of high-speed rail to realize the dream of many, makes traveling easy, so that business activities have become very fast. But not everyone can afford to enjoy the convenience brought by high-speed rail. Such as the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed rail throughout the first-class fare of 780 yuan, 490 yuan as a second-class fare; and train hard seat price of 140 yuan, 248 yuan hard before. Plane ticket from Wuhan to Guangzhou, the usual discount price of only 400 yuan on average, lower than the second car fare. You know, China is how many people have not taken the plane, at least 10 million people in it. Therefore, the high-speed rail if that becomes a

High Speed ​​Rail lag ahead of people's livelihood: When migrant workers make it easy for home
originally in the Five-Year Plan, the plan proposed investment of no less than 700 billion per year, of which 350 billion this year for high-speed rail, that is, high-speed rail will be ahead of the five-year construction plan easily. In fact, China ahead of the completion of the project far more than just high-speed railway, highway, airport and construction of many public facilities in most of the advance, which is perhaps China's investment-led model of economic decisions, in the pursuit of GDP growth, and less focus on people's livelihood and development of sustainability.
Statistics show that during the spring of 2010, the national railway average distance of 500 km / person, far higher than the 50 km road / people, but the railway only completed 8% of all the traffic, assume the bulk of traffic of, or highway. And how is the big picture of the road it? February 9 last year, according to the Chinese New Year. They wear thick cotton clothing, solid leggings ... ... most of the small car couple, or placing a child, Mercedes-Benz in the national highway, has become a special Spring Festival transportation line a scenic road. Coach save several hundred dollars of money, at Tuoerdainv, daytime, driving thousands of miles are a lot of people braved the cold. Reporter called 321 State Road to the Pearl River Delta region of prosperity and wealth transfer, but the feedback is so cold.

change in China is indeed a dream 30 years in general, we used to accommodating large agricultural country, but now it has become a big manufacturing country, the proportion of agriculture has been reduced to 10%. Migration of farmers achieved the dream of entrepreneurs, the city of the achievements of the real estate agent's dream, and convenient transportation and communication Gengrang benefit of all citizens. However, the bottom face of those, the most difficult people, we have achieved the dream of these entrepreneurs, developers, and so it should offer, what? Travel expenses to people who can not afford to go home can board the Harmony Express. As the railway department, can reduce the fare for high-speed rail cars filled with, whether it is possible to open or opened during the spring,
(This article has been in the sun.

Top 5 men spurting derailment pain (Reprinted Min of Marsh )

 Extramarital affairs like a malignant tumor eroding marriage and family today, many men and women suffer, but the lure of extra-marital passion are still so many men and women come to their senses or, worse, the betrayal of marital betrayal of love again and again. In fact, while the other was subjected to torture, an affair I would be experiencing the same variety and unexpected embarrassment. In their hearts many ordinary people are experiencing the pain of unexpected spurting! Here, Spicy Girl summarized under the man having an affair, will face five major embarrassment to the warning those who want to engage in extramarital affair and men are going through!
First: the spirit of much physical suffering
extramarital affairs, that is, by definition can not see the light of the underground conditions, is contrary to the ethics of being cast aside by the dirty behavior. Once into the extra-marital affairs are among the most men have a certain economic strength, the cause of a modicum of success in the blue chip stocks men. This man in 30 ------ age 40 years old, is the cause of human life the most glorious period of energy, can be considered the most attractive period. Therefore, multiple extramarital affairs of men in this period. An ordinary day looks very good man, a home is a good father, good husband, the unit is good leadership, good comrades of the man if his marital affair was exposed, his family and career can imagine how much will cause Trauma! Therefore, in order to keep this big secret, they are scheming, twisted mind to do in the cover up the crime. Lameizi analysis: a stable bed even if he also feared that their sleep is called the wrong name;
no matter where I was, whether they were in when the adults are always wary of Chagang summoned his wife. Can be described as: restless, like ants on a hot pan!
Also: a person's energy is limited, even a strong desire to have another one or two days so sluggish it. A man moves in between the two women to meet the demand of two women, his body can pay the normal men to contribute more than 1 times! There is definitely a situation exists, that is, when he had just returned home with the lingering after the primary three, summoned by his wife, had just three rounds with the primary three of his World War II, vapid try any need to meet the needs of what my wife! Because he had no reason and excuse for refusing the request of his wife! Which poor man too tired to vomit foam coma, vertigo, estimated the strength to walk the next day did not it!
Second: the cash-strapped strapped
man who had an affair with valuable worth, they tend to have their own But he, after all, is another woman's husband, so he's fixed-income family is absolutely transparent in the whole of the public. Month the wages he earns, how much income a month is well aware of his wife, which turned over the money is needed, So this man usually eachother in front of you, categorically, a critical moment can be quite stingy in it! Even buy a decent mini three can give a gift that is thoughtful, looking over the expenses it! Not to mention large, even a lover of money to buy a diamond ring teeth, maybe he will think about for a long time, dare to start with. Because the expenditure required to play too many lovers. For example, they need a romantic dinner, they need the hotel tenderness, they need the countryside outing. . . . . . These fees may seem small, but if you want regular, long-term consumption down so that it is no small number! ! Oh, good luck if this man can run into a rich woman of the Lord, then this expenditure will be reduced, because rich woman pay for him.
Third: To pay a heavy price for illegitimate children
extramarital lover was pregnant, it was a big surprise. The beating of small and large the family broke up! Can be described as earth-shattering too! If men do not engage in extra-marital affairs and properly handle the matter, I believe the rest of my life has been similar to his disability. How to deal with unexpected pregnancy thing lover? Two ways: either the flow of rhetoric lie to lovers do, and then to a small fortune in compensation; encountered bad luck tangled lover, then maybe he will have to bear the yoke of having children outside of marriage! Think of a man who has a normal family, all day long to deal with the two women, two children, he also between the two families need to work to earn money, even if he has superhuman powers will be too tired to spit blood! Body needs to go back and forth, it was a tired! Focus on the need to take care of a good lover and wife, need to take care of two children, the need for the lives of two family members to think twice before, both ways, I believe his spirit is the possibility of collapse at any time! Again, because of the extra-marital children, so he needs on the gold edge pay more, he needs to work very hard to make money, he may even turn to crime for money, the road will.
Fourth: experience Lover However, many men often do not understand the woman's mental activity. Many extra-marital affairs to play the third, just when you contact will categorically say gradually transition to the If you already anticipate the seriousness of the matter, would like to withdraw when the woman may be Buyiburao, to your unit to your home Havoc in Heaven, will bear you to go eat! Ranging from homes to avoid financial disaster, while in human life! But if you're lucky, you may meet a silly white girl to sleep with you, and then willingly with you 88!
Fifth: This matter was brought to light deserted
seems relatively common in this society, which most men will soon play an affair horrors encountered. This is a gender-equal society, once you find your betrayal of the other side, believe that the old calm gone, derailment of a man burdened with the deserted about the tragic situation. Select return home even if the derailment of a man, but his wife, children, relatives and the damage already is a fact, even if his wife was back for one reason to give you the opportunity, but in her heart the pain that will be forever her heart to forgive your body, but does not mean to accept your soul. This is a man destined to derail the next few years living in self-blame, guilt in uncertainty! Again, the behavior of men and serious injury derailed the child's physical and mental health charity's father once great moment will carry the name of a prove ungrateful! Imagine how the man will come after the kids for the young establish a positive image? Word
saying goes well We advise those with a restless heart of the men, take your heart, mind your wife and children, the sense of calm through your day! Must bear in mind that this.

Stir a private clever dishes

 How fried pork slices. Meat will be cut and placed in a colander, the sway of the boiling water several times, until meat color when just starting water, leaching of water, and then the next Guo Chao, only 3-4 minutes to mature, and fresh and delicious.
skillfully fried beef. Fried beef slices before using beer will dilute the flour, pour in the beef, the beer, play a role in the enzyme, can break down proteins, increase the level of fresh beef.
skillfully fried liver. Fried liver before the point of borax and white vinegar can stain look, borax can make crisp pork liver, pork liver can not oozing water, white vinegar.
skillfully fried kidney. Kidney chopped, add a little white vinegar and water soak for 10 minutes, kidney and will send a large, non-bloody, white crunchy fry.
skillfully fried fish. The fried fish, add some sugar, bad skin is not soluble.
skillfully fried eel pieces. Fried with some parsley, can play a seasoning, delicious, the role of fishy solution.
skillfully fried shrimp. The peeled shrimp into the bowl, add salt per 250 grams of shrimp or eat 1-1.5 grams of base powder. Rub gently grasping soaked with water after a while, and then then rinse clean. Stir in the shrimp to make this as transparent as crystal cool tender and delicious.
How scrambled eggs. Eggs into the bowl, add a little warm water Mix well and pour into pan fried; Fried few drops of wine to the pot, so that Stir the eggs fluffy, fresh, delicious.
skillfully fried lotus root. Will Nenou slice, wok explosion, Dianfan few, into the amount of salt, MSG pan immediately, so that the Lotus Root Stir will color white as snow, crisp and juicy. If the fried fried lotus root, the more the more sticky, you can add a little water side of fried side, not only a good speculation, and fried lotus root out white and tender.
skillfully fried green peppers. Fried green pepper and stir-fry to use emergency fire, put a little fried when you add salt, MSG, vinegar, a few fried, pan plate and serve Serve.
skillfully fried carrots. Only carotene dissolved in oil can be absorbed. Therefore, when fried carrot put some more oil, especially good with fried meat, together with tip.
skillfully fried celery. Celery, chives, if speculation is not good, tough on the quality is not good. If the pan over high heat pan, then stir-fry vegetables into the pot, make fried celery is tender, crisp smooth, delicious.
clever cooking flowers. Spend time cooking, add a little milk, would be more white and tender and delicious finished product. Before cooking, flowers, washed with water and then boiled again, and then together with the meat and so can the next Guo Chao.
skillfully fried amaranth. In the cold cold pot into the amaranth oil, then stir fry, fried out of amaranth color so bright, smooth taste, no smell there.
skillfully fried peanuts. Fry peanuts with a cold pot of cold, crisp but not color, not peeling, such as deep-fried.

All gamers get the

 In earlier years, it was a long time ago, and I came to a legendary world, with my favorite weapon ruling stick to the mystery of the Mary enamel continent, began to wonder I like Fantasy Westward Journey world travel, living away from my blood rivers and lakes
to the Chinese land, the land looked at China and China II Diablo ah ..
me a drift of a century, King came to the mainland, met a lot of spirit .. there is already changing, opportunities let me get the secret.
later that I came to the Demon world, like lying, the way I see it still, small & spend time to go alone ..
gave me a flower only BNB, my heart glad.
kill one, and my decision has been sustained is running out, I decided to create my first Neolithic weapons, came to a deserted island, adventure island. there Audition people are dancing.
I met my strong enemy, pirate king, and we battle more than 100 rounds, Pirates of the mean, since the use of martial arts masterpiece: QQ speed of sound, I used a trick RO He really was to stop, he used a weird magic fly ball to hit a new Devil.
I watched my man take away a great country, walking tired, found a cheaper stay inn , and remember that what is the perfect inn called the International Hotel, eat good, eat a lot of Snake OL, watched two movies, one called the costume of the Gods also a popular Madden football.
times I started my day Happy Journey to the West, take the one I know Tianjiao II, Huang Yi 2 brothers, very good, oh man.
they took me to a super strong dancers, with my feet did not want to do things s World of Warcraft, and looking at the people who are super fun, so I am very envious.
they saw a crazy car with me, that feeling was really shocking oh .....< br> 2046 is really nice city, where people are playing games and legendary world snail ....< br> go, they said take me to see JX, Baby Story, the brothers find a street that we played basketball. .
my arms lasting is done, and I build my first two weapons Hammer, the weapon with a very hard ...
Yulgang my battles, I spent two silver hit a boat her name is: Age of Discovery OL, about sailing for several days, only to find the shore and see the rainbow knight holding a sword of Excellence contest show positive and Peas.
Last 2 person injured by the giant, the last 2 Worms Cheats stolen enemy Oriental martial arts legend, it can be said to Masterpieces Masterpieces Oh ..
my enemies and my hand Sword fighting 100 rounds, and finally I took a bomb and he led the people special forces battled fiercely in a ..
dominance gives you a born again, and finally beat his opponent, who I gave a ruby ​​bomb, and he's extremely pleased to introduce the Grand Master, and I know, Cheats Grand Master gave me the secret is appropriate to pass this book out ...
Reggie Shadowbane brother came to me with his contest for the past few days I said no, very angry man, playing a trick break days of sword, I do not ward off live.
Fortunately, the presence of Grand Master Cheats with a lifetime of martial arts called Fantasy Magic Raiders brother to Reggie away ....< br> No. 3, I came to the battlefield to see to the Star homes, homes there are a hero sitting beside the throne stood Wulinwaishi and Xuanyuanjian II, see God weeping is fighting the letter Nagano look OL.
matter concerns an armchair, I continue to go, I continue my Armor torrent II came to China to see them being released Guild Wars | give me a block line of fire risk tasks and their E |, I told them that it was risky ah, is simply confusing adventure ah, ah , ah.
Legend: No you go, I had a crazy primitive man, see that they are running crazy kart, just Wonderful ...
I conquered all the way to get my own faith, find de way, it's to others ask ....< br> walking, is simply the fate of people, ah Well, finally picked up a 西游伏魔录 Well, I had to laugh Swordsman proud of rivers and lakes, ha ha!
go all the way to see the hero he was and I said that we are already missing a 3 star, and let you have a bar, do not you play, the magic that let you have a baby, you do not play Oh I said I was apple pie, and they like to play bubbles game ha ha ...
fluttering de I came to the beautiful world, I want to Race Tycoon | Kazakhstan, where the world is really experiencing a lot of blood hero swallowed I always talk about the story of legendary Silk Road.
what a big adventure I just want what people kicking a ball, hey ...
Chongwu Wang Biao driving his beloved old car looking for me to play I said I do not really play with cars, play will KartRider Well, Chongwu Wang went away angry.
King has ridden, took the Meteor, Butterfly Sword Cheats carries Jing Yong martial arts, to Long and underground city, for I still do not fight a decisive battle ...
fight, to battle or war that, at the end still have to battle ....< br> lakes and rivers and mountains I have to kill me, popped my world II raid is not a good idea .... Well, I finally thought of a good way, or the end of our all, so we can all say goodbye to PW it.
Cheng Cheng produced, an absolute classic.

PC gamers emperor

 NovelQuest company produced this giant PC workstation platform called the Emperor emperor , in our view, it is definitely a gamers dream of the It hang three huge LCD displays crane , similar to the drape of the lethal scorpions .
Although known as workstations, but I think very few people can be seated in one of the real With is too fascinating. its free lift crane , hoist the user to sit down, then the button will display a high degree transferred to the best location .
addition to the 3 monitors , but the station is also built THX Dolby surround sound system , camera , internal configuration can be customized to install any PC or Mac desktop, even if you put it as the most massive notebook base is also no problem , because it also built-in battery backup. for gamers It also for the sake of your health , built-in air filtration devices and artificial tanning . The aircraft is expected to go on sale in July , the price ? forget or do not ask for better .
game blog is participating in a small dead 17173 Games industry blog contest I hope you will support my cast your valuable vote !:)

Andy Xie, blame game

 Blame game / Xie
Click to view Mr
2009-02-16 Andy Xie, Sohu blog
Several prominent newspapers have featured articles that blame the current financial crisis on China's buying of the US treasuries. In this theory, the deficit countries (eg, Australia, Ireland, Spain, the US, the UK, etc.) are Peking ducks, the surplus countries (eg, China, Japan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, etc.) are duck farmers, and the later force- feed the former into bloated debt junkies that eventually blow up. Of course, both willing lenders and borrowers must exist for a debt bubble to exist. But, who do you blame, the borrower, the lender, or the middleman? I am sure that stories and theories on all three would be plentiful. But, the accusation against China and other lending nations would be politically convenient. The politicians in the crisis countries could blame someone else and avoid making hard choices. However, the theory has the causality wrong.
Finger pointing in the blame game so far is mostly at Wall Street, ie, the middleman. It is easy to do that. Just look at the CEOs of these institutions. They have paid themselves hundreds of millions of dollars on supposed accounting profits that have become today's write-offs. Their institutions are either already bankrupt or close to. Bernie Madoff's $ 50 billion scam crystallized the problem on Wall Street. It is easy for common people to see that this crisis has happened because these greedy people have taken advantage of the system and ruined it for their personal gains. I am sure Hollywood would have a feast with the stories that are coming out of Wall Street. They are so much better than made-up stories. Great movies could be made just by faithfully recording what happened.
I have been writing about Greenspan's guilt for this crisis. For years, I have written his bubble making decisions: I wrote (1) in 1999 that his rate reductions in response to the Asian Financial Crisis led to the IT bubble, (2) in 2000 that his rate reductions in response to the tech burst would lead to a property bubble or bond bubble or both, and (3) in 2003 that a new bubble was emerging with Greenspan as the DJ. When he took over the Fed in 1987, the US's financial sector had $ 1.9 trillion in debt or 29% of GDP. When he departed in 2005, it rose to $ 13 trillion or 104% of GDP.
In his appearance at a congressional hearing last year, he professed that he was shocked that the financial institutions that borrowed so much didn't take good care of it. So his explanation was that he didn't know. But, in 1998, when Long Term Capital Management ('LTCM' ) blew up, it nearly brought down the financial system. The problem was excessive leverage as reflected in the financial sector debt. If one fund could bring the system down, imagine how much risk the massive growth of the hedge fund industry and the proliferation of proprietary activities at investment banks could pose to the system. Indeed, the consensus among regulators and analysts after the LTCM debacle was that such off-balance sheet activities should be regulated. The opposition from him and top officials in the Clinton Administration kept such high risk activities unregulated and laid the foundation for the current crisis.
In a credit bubble, monetary policy plays a dominant role and must be held responsible for it. I had a debate last year with a friend on who was guilty. He argued that the export-led strategy by emerging economies was equally to blame. I argued against it. Some bubble happens somewhere everyday. A bubble forms when everyone bids up the price of an asset solely on the expectation that someone else will pay more latter. Hello Kitty dolls, puer tea, or modern paintings all could become bubbles. As long as supplies cannot increase quickly in response to rising price and something captures the attention of enough people, a bubble can happen. But, such bubbles are small relative to total money supply and can form without the support of monetary policy. A credit bubble is large relative to total money supply. Without an accommodating monetary authority, a credit bubble cannot possibly occur. For example, the increase of the financial sector leverage from 29% to 104% of GDP couldn't have happened without the Fed accommodating. If one person could and should have stopped the bubble, it was Greenspan.
Instead of being alarmed of surging leverage for proprietary investment such as warehousing derivatives in the financial system, Greenspan repeatedly claimed that the proliferation of derivative products was good for efficiency and failed to acknowledge that it was mostly for speculation. I don't know if he was genuinely naive about what was happening. Mr. Greenspan is the individual most responsible for the crisis.
In his inaugural speech President Obama spoke about the collective failure to make hard choices. It was a euphemism for reckless borrowing by the US households. Should the borrowers who are not paying their debts be blamed? Some prominent analysts think it was all the fault of crafty bankers who cooked up complex products and fooled the masses into taking on debts they wouldn't be able to repay. I don't think so. The US households who took on triple zero mortgages-zero down payment, zero interest rate and principal repayment for two or three years knew they were offered only upside and no downside. If property price rises, they could benefit from the appreciation. If the price falls, they could walk away and go back to where they were from. They were offered a free option plus a nice house they could stay in for the time being for free. It was rational for them to take the deal. But, was it right? I think it would be quite naive to portray the borrowers as the ultimate Peking ducks.
Of course, if the surplus countries were not willing to lend, what happened in the United States or other deficit countries couldn't have occurred. Greenspan's loose monetary policy would have led to dollar weakness and inflation, which would have forced him to raise interest rate. To what extent the surplus countries should be assigned some of the blame? Initially, the desire to accumulate foreign exchange reserves in dollars was in response the 1997-98 emerging market crises. The crises were triggered by dollar shortage. When Bernanke was at the Fed under Greenspan, he coined the famous term 'savings glut' to explain the US's large and lasting current account deficit. In his theory the US was doing the world a favor spending the money that other countries wouldn ' t spend.
Bernanke's explanation put the US at a passive position in receiving other's savings surplus. But, if Greenspan had refused to loosen up money supply, if the regulators had stopped the sales of dubious derivative products, if American households had refused to borrow the money they couldn't pay back, the surplus foreign savings couldn't have flowed into the US economy, and the dollar would have risen to keep out the money.
A more apt explanation is that the US's system evolved to take advantage of this source of cheap money. Self interest prompted the Wall Street to embrace a new business model that centered on pumping the cheap foreign money into the US household sector. Even though they are suffering now, American households had a good time with the money. A big party with cheap foreign money was just too tempting to resist. Indeed, regulations were lightened up to make the party possible. The US took advantage of foreigners' desire to accumulate dollars in the aftermath of the 1997-98 emerging market crises.
By 2004 it was obvious that the surplus countries couldn't get off accumulating dollars without their economies crashing. Their economies restructured for selling to the deficit countries and financing the sales with their surpluses. Private demand for dollars in these countries collapsed. Their central banks had to buy all the surplus dollars. Even though they knew it would crash one day, they didn't have the courage to let it go and bear the economic consequences. They waited for the US to implode.
'We were the Peking duck' is not an acceptable explanation for what happened in the deficit countries. It conjures up lack of free will among the most powerful and richest countries. Indeed, regulatory and monetary policies were accommodating in sustaining the bubble. The deficit countries spent other people's money for a good time. It doesn't make sense for them to blame the lending countries for their own behavior.
It is just unconscionable to blame cheap Chinese imports for the bubble. When Americans go to Wal -Mart for shopping, they want to save money. Cheap imports cannot be the reason for Americans living beyond their means. The driver for the US's deficit is its healthcare cost that has doubled to 16% of GDP in two decades, five percentage points more than in other developed economies. When Americans buy cheap imports, they are pressured to do so by rising healthcare costs. The US's healthcare system is the driver for what happened. Foreigners' desire to accumulate dollars made it possible for the US to defend its living standard despite the out-of-control healthcare cost.
A bubble can be an honest mistake. The herd mentality is a human weakness that underpins bubble phenomenon. However, in some bubbles, there are people who try to incite and take advantage of the herd mentality for their personal gains. These are the people who deserve to be prosecuted. We don't have to look far to see such people. Who have pocketed millions on false profits? Who gave worthless derivatives triple-A ratings? Who have changed the rules for dubious financial products to be sold?
The blame game is not just a rhetorical game. It could have serious consequences on actions. If the deficit countries blame the surplus countries for the crisis, they may just wait for the later to fix the problem. Apart from fiscal and monetary stimulus and bailing out their banks, they may not undertake structural refor ...

Car thesis

 Re: 2020/11
Qiche thesis vehicle maintenance economy
Introduction
40 years after China's auto industry, has made significant development, has formed a relatively complete line of automotive products and production layout . enter the WTO, China's automobile industry will be further developed, car production and ownership will continue to increase, domestic auto market share of over 95%. the car as an irreplaceable and important in modern society of transport.
attendant to questions that lead to car repair and routine maintenance to become the most public concern, the main aspects of this paper from the economy as the main vehicle maintenance, in-depth step by step to make the car better understanding of the economy. by the car principle and maintenance of the structure theory, auto repair, auto parts, maintenance charges, vehicle performance and other aspects described, combined with the main thesis.
this paper for reference during the editing process a lot of literature, reference some data data and charts, the paper is limited due to my inevitable errors and deficiencies to be corrected and went so far as to a lot of criticism.
1.
a car repair, car repair should implement the principle of
as vehicle repair Light repair the principle that the vehicle detection and diagnosis, and technical evaluation results, depending on different operating range of touch and depth, it is necessary to prevent delays in the repair vehicle condition caused by deterioration, but also to prevent wasteful repairs ahead of schedule.
The vehicle repair category < br> range of vehicle repair divided by operating the vehicle repair, assembly overhaul, minor repairs of vehicles, spare parts repair.
1, vehicles, vehicle repair
overhaul overhaul is a new car and after a certain mileage of vehicles in the exercise of (or time) , after detection and diagnosis, and technical appraisal, repair or replacement of vehicles with any part of the method, recovery vehicles, good technical condition, complete or near complete recovery of the vehicle repair restore life.
2, the total assembly overhaul
into the overhaul is the vehicle assembly after a certain mileage (or time), the use of repair or replacement of assembly and parts (including the basic parts) method, to restore its good technical condition and life restoration of repair.
3, vehicle minor repairs
minor repairs of vehicles using the method of repair and replacement parts to ensure the resumption of the operation of the vehicle the ability to work is to eliminate the main repair vehicles in operation or occurred during maintenance operations or find faults or hidden.
4, parts repair
parts repair is due to wear, deformation, damage, etc. and can not continue to use the repair parts.
three main performance requirements for vehicle maintenance
main performance requirement is power, fuel economy, car maneuverability and stability, braking the car, car ride
2. Automotive Performance
2.1
a dynamic, vehicle dynamics vehicle dynamics evaluation
a car in motion energy to achieve maximum speed, maximum acceleration and maximum climbing ability, the basic use of the car performance. Qiju an efficient means of transport, transport efficiency depends largely on the level of vehicle dynamics. This is because the vehicle driving The higher the speed, the average technology, the higher productivity of automobile transportation. And the average technology of the most important factor is the speed of vehicle dynamics. With the growth of China's highway mileage, highway traffic and automotive performance improvement, driving speed rising, but in the car with the use of extension of time will gradually decrease its power, can not achieve the requirements of high speed, so not only reduces the efficiency of the automobile and road transport should be proper capacity, and a traffic accident , the potential for blocking traffic. Therefore, the Ministry of Communications Decree No. 13 issued in 1990, in particular, require regular testing of vehicle dynamics. vehicle inspection department of motor vehicles commonly used maximum speed, acceleration, maximum climbing angle, engine maximum output power, the chassis as a power output of the maximum drive power index
1. maximum speed (km / h)
maximum speed of the motor vehicle is determined to plant the largest state in the total mass of wind l3m / s conditions, the dry, clean, flat concrete or asphalt, to the highest stable speed.
acceleration t (s) vehicle acceleration capability means the car is moving rapidly to increase the capacity of speed. usually car acceleration time to evaluate.
2.
acceleration time is the acceleration time of a car factory set to the maximum total mass of the state in the wind l3m / s under the conditions of a dry, clean, flat concrete or asphalt, by a to a high-speed low-speed acceleration of the time required.
(1) standing start acceleration time to accelerate the shift start time, the means provided for low-end starting with the fastest acceleration (including the selection of the appropriate shift time) gradually After changing to the most upscale and accelerate the speed to a specified time is required, the speed of its provisions in different countries, such as 0-50 km / h, on the cars used 0-80 km / h ,0-100 km / h, or starting with the provision of low-grade to the maximum acceleration and gradually change to the most high-end, the time required to reach a certain distance, which is generally prescribed distance 0-400m ,0-800m ,0-100Om, start acceleration time is shorter, more dynamic good;
2
(2) also known as direct file overtaking acceleration time to accelerate the time or times that the most high-end high-end, from a predetermined starting speed, to accelerate to a speed the time required for overtaking acceleration shorter, the better the performance of its high speed. overtaking acceleration of the car does not specify, overhauled the car with the speed limiting device to direct traffic load files from the muzzle velocity of 20km / h speeds up to 40km / h acceleration time, should meet the requirements.
3. the largest climbing degree Imax (%)
is the largest degree of a car full of climbing, in a good concrete or asphalt pavement on the ramp, cars with the lowest forward gear to climb a maximum gradient. Due to the ramp road conditions, vehicle comprehensive performance inspection stations typically do not do Qiche climbing test.
4. engine maximum output power Pmax
engine maximum output power of an engine at full load, only with the maintenance accessories necessary for operation when the power output, also known as total power. At this point the engine being tested is generally not with the air filter, cooling fan and other accessories. The new factory engine maximum output power generally refers to the engine power rating. Rated Power is the specific purpose of the engine manufacturer, engine under full load and rated speed under the total power. In some foreign manufacturers is the so-called engine rated power at rated speed net power output. often rated power marked after the word after a certain period, the state of technology changes, the maximum output power of the engine becomes smaller, so the smaller the difference with its evaluation of the extent of the drop in engine technology. car engine maximum output power is small compared with the rated power at 75%, technical condition of the car as the three levels. So the size of the engine maximum output power used as a car before and after and maintenance before and after the evaluation of dynamic indicators are reasonable, it should be noted, in the car with a comprehensive performance test station No external load dynamometer or chassis dynamometer method of the determination of engine power, must be converted before the total power compared with the rated power.
5. chassis output maximum output drive power Dpmax
chassis is the maximum drive power driving the car when using direct file, the maximum wheel drive power output (corresponding to the engine speed near rated speed). chassis maximum drive power output maximum power output generally referred to as the chassis is the actual ability to overcome the greatest resistance to the vehicle, a car power Evaluation is an important indicator. car use, the engine itself, engine accessories and the technical condition of transmission lines will
decreased, the chassis, the maximum output power will therefore decrease.
2.2 fuel economy < br> First, the fuel economy rating
vehicle fuel economy is an important performance car, but also has a car for each one of the indicators are most concerned about.
comments world vehicle fuel economy, general use fuel consumption or oil trip to represent. fuel consumption is the motor vehicle mileage fully loaded unit volume of fuel required. China and Europe by driving a few hundred kilometers of fuel consumption (L) to indicate that L/100km; oil stroke is the motor vehicle fully loaded, can unit volume of fuel mileage, the United States is to use a gallon of fuel mileage can be expressed in the former representation, with smaller values, the better the fuel economy; the latter representation , the greater the value, the better fuel economy. vehicle fuel economy indicators and characteristics of the engine and car weight, speed and resistance to all kinds of sports such as air drag, rolling resistance and the resistance of the size and climbing efficiency and transmission reduction ratio and others have, and so, often in the numerical difference between the actual situation.
vehicle fuel economy indicator by the amount of that performance in the important automotive performance. In particular, China must implement the fuel tax, motor vehicle parameters of the fuel consumption had special significance. fuel consumption parameters of these indicators in our car manufacturers in accordance with state testing standards, through the kind of car was out of the test. It includes the constant cycle fuel consumption and fuel consumption per hundred kilometers. < br> automobile fuel economy, there are two measurement methods: one driving test, the other is on the road in the flat and constant speed under certain conditions, fuel consumption test.
flat car in no way the constant velocity gradient constant fuel consumption when driving for the fuel consumption per hundred kilometers. but also included the so-called constant speed constant driving in different situations. different constant speed driving, fuel consumption per hundred kilometers is different. select a flat cement surface without slope or asphalt pavement, cars were different in the most high-end speed (which can be every 10km / h speed to take a point) constant driving finish this journey, round trip averaged (to eliminate wind and slope effects), write down fuel consumption, can be obtained under different speed car fuel consumption per hundred kilometers, the so-called isokinetic hundred kilometers.
3
the constant speed fuel consumption and the actual driving conditions are very different, in fact, can not fully assess the fuel economy of vehicles now generally used to evaluate the cycle fuel consumption of motor vehicles fuel economy. cycle fuel consumption is typically specified in a section of the motor vehicles in different working conditions set by the fuel consumption when driving, at least to require the constant velocity, acceleration and deceleration 3 conditions, the complex also included the suspension of service and other starting and idling conditions, and then converted into fuel consumption per hundred kilometers. In general, obtained also with the constant cycle of fuel consumption per hundred kilometers (specify speed) the weighted average fuel consumption achieved combined consumption to more scientific evaluation of the car fuel economy.
but sometimes not strictly call this combined consumption cycle fuel consumption, so the city gives the fuel consumption of modern cars and highways fuel consumption, fuel consumption should be the city's comprehensive and highway combined consumption, but also referred to as circulating oil through the city and highway cycle fuel consumption, fuel consumption in our city and highway fuel consumption is called. For the evaluation of vehicle fuel economy, vehicle fuel consumption by the general test to determine, it is to assess the situation in the use and maintenance of automotive technology and comprehensive quality parameters, but also automotive fault diagnosis and analysis of an important reference. testing vehicle fuel consumption, fuel consumption test often measured by fuel consumption to the volume or quality, said the current
The car engine is high-speed gasoline engines, the higher the thermal efficiency of the engine the higher fuel efficiency, the more fuel-efficient. And the thermal efficiency of the engine compression ratio with the increase of passenger car gasoline engine compression ratio is usually in the 9.3-10.5 s room. At the same time, the system also uses variable valve device (variable valve lift, variable camshaft angle, variable-length intake manifold, etc.) and lean techniques to achieve the purpose of fuel economy.
the same time, the world Many large auto manufacturers are actively developing and promoting diesel engine, gasoline engine the vehicle diesel engine is easier to achieve further savings in fuel purposes. As technology advances, the current diesel engine vibration, noise, unit mass (Weight) area and reduce gasoline the gap, but the power is still relatively small. than a decade ago was the petrol and diesel golf golf in the same environment, comparative testing, 1.6-liter diesel engine equipped golf cars, the maximum speed of 145 km, average fuel consumption per hundred kilometers City 6.8 liters, 5.3 liters highway; assembled 1.3-liter gasoline engine golf cars, the maximum speed of 160 km, average fuel consumption per hundred kilometers city of 10 liters, 6.7 liters road. As flat engine load change, with significant fuel economy than gasoline capacity.
engine power and load rate on fuel economy has a great influence. general engine cylinder displacement depends on the output power, according to the actual needs of the user a reasonable choice auto emission, in the car keep moving higher power efficiency, improving vehicle fuel economy makes sense. If the vehicle is often used in the city, not more than 80 kilometers per hour, select the 1.6-liter small-displacement cars below is appropriate.
transmission system on the car vehicle fuel economy have a major impact. derailleur gear more, not only Qiche shift smoothly and the engine of economic conditions in the operation increased the opportunity to help improve fuel economy. so modern cars tend to be 5 files or more transmission, or use of infinitely variable to ensure that under any conditions with the engine of economic conditions in the most likely to work. In the case of constant speed, joining high gear, the transmission ratio is small, the engine speed is low; bonding low gear, the transmission ratio, the corresponding engine speed high. known by the engine load characteristics, the same when the engine load, speed is generally the lower the fuel consumption rate decreases. in certain driving conditions, the transmission speed ratio the more Small, higher automobile fuel economy, thus driving the car in high-end digital economy. to the road in good condition at a higher speed limits, car transmission to install in less than 1 overdrive ratio, in the same speed cases, hanging overdrive allows the engine speed is relatively low, the relative fuel consumption is also reduced.
transmission system includes transmission of the file transmission ratio and final drive ratio than in the good roads for a small speed Main gear ratio can improve vehicle fuel economy. However, many objects in the car has a The dynamic is too low, so they will deteriorate the fuel economy of cars, so the general design has a range of gear transmission ratio, making the files directly linked to back-up power when there are still large for the acceleration or the Xiao-Po. < br> As Hyundai increased the speed of the car's styling is also on the fuel economy have important implications, the faster the greater the impact speed, which is commonly known as area and the air resistance coefficient to achieve, in general, depends on vehicle frontal area size, air resistance depends on body shape. To this end, compactness and sleek car body is the way to improve fuel economy. At present, many cars, air resistance coefficient In the 0.28-0.3 about the reduction of fuel consumption played a significant role. Generally speaking, body height more than 1.5 meters of cars, the air drag coefficient is relatively large, with the same type of lower body power systems Compared with cars, not only speed reduced, and fuel consumption also increases. Thus, space, speed, fuel consumption is a combination of conflict, can only seek a reasonable balance, there can be no exhaustive two car
4
, fuel economy factors
we all know, all kinds of vehicle fuel economy is different, affecting the automobile fuel economy is an important factor in engine performance, but there are other factors, including the vehicle structure, driving skills and and other road conditions.
are currently high domestic gasoline engine car engine, the higher the thermal efficiency of the engine the higher fuel efficiency, the more fuel-efficient. And the thermal efficiency of the engine compression ratio increases with the increase in gasoline cars now engine compression ratio is generally between 9.3-10.5. Meanwhile, the system also uses variable valve device (variable valve lift, variable camshaft angle, variable-length intake manifold, etc.) and lean techniques to achieve the fuel economy purpose.
increase the speed of the modern automobile, car styling on fuel economy also have important implications, the faster the greater the impact speed, which is commonly known as vehicle frontal area and air resistance coefficient to achieve, in general, depends on vehicle frontal area size, air resistance depends on body shape. To this end, compactness and sleek car body is the way to improve fuel economy. At present, many cars air resistance coefficient of about 0.28-0.3, and has played a significant role in reducing fuel consumption.
above, affect vehicle fuel economy in many ways. For the new car is concerned, it is not only related to the engine, but also to the transmission, final drive, car weight, body shape and other factors. Therefore, the vehicle fuel economy is a combination of factors brings together the technical indicators, it can only reflect the operating cost, can not represent the pros and cons of the car, the consumption Vehicle Differential oil does not indicate high, low fuel consumption is not that Qiche good, because the merits of the car and the car has safety, comfort, whereas the fuel economy of these properties are often associated with the conflict between the.
2.3 system
a dynamic performance, braking distance, braking distance is
the driver began to depress the brake pedal from play until the parking brake, cars driving distance. affect the braking distance of factors, primarily system moving coordinate system the length of time, adhesion of the size of the maximum braking force and braking the brake start speed. so reduce the need to shorten the braking distance braking system coordination of time, increasing the maximum braking force the brake and road adhesion coefficient. < br> In the case of high-speed form, cars have greater kinetic energy, long duration of the brake, the brake temperature is higher braking performance degradation, thus increasing the length of the brake non-secure area. To do this in the road when brake should be used cautiously. According to the operation of traffic flow, there is predictability to the brake. prohibited in the larger flow, vehicle gap is relatively small cases, sudden braking. Although slowed down the parking brake performance, but to follow the car large non-secure areas braking, and rear-end collision may trigger a major multi-car accident
Second, deviation and sideslip
automobile brake during braking, due to range around the wheel braking force, vehicle can not maintain the original direction of travel, resulting itself left or right side drive, or even out of control, can easily cause traffic accidents. most of the deviation is due to a car wheel brakes. adjustments caused by improper assembly, in order to prevent or eliminate deviation caused by a serious collision, the brake must be rigorous testing and found that sub-standard and timely repair or re-adjusted to the traffic safety policy.
car when braking, rear brakes locking, while the front wheel no rear braking force or relatively small car will be along the cross slope, slope direction of sliding; if the first locking front and rear than the duration of the interval of 0.5 seconds, sliding rear serious; rear No braking force, front-wheel or front wheel than the rear brake before locking locking, auto basic straight-line driving, the performance of good stability. In order to prevent skidding rear axle, no special device for wheel brake the car, adjusting the brake, front and rear axles of the wheels should be at the same time locking. When sliding, you should immediately stop braking (especially at high speed), ease the throttle and the steering wheel toward the rear sliding direction of rotation, When the car's position is adjusted, then the steering wheel to smooth the normal driving routes.
braking skid brake system only through the improvement of the structural design can be completely resolved. the current assembly of the ABS anti-lock braking system can solve this problem.
braking force of the size of the braking distance of the car has a lot to the left and right wheel braking force of brake performance. test brake system requires a special braking force test bed. II-like requirements before the rear axle braking force difference between left and right wheels, respectively, of the shaft load is not greater than 5% to 8% is appropriate.
Third, coordination of time
brake system Brake System Coordination time is depress the brake pedal to the emergence of the braking force and braking force through the time and the growth of time, depending on the structure of automotive brake systems and technical conditions. To ensure the safety of car driving, braking system shall be as short as possible Coordination of time.
5
2.4 vehicle handling and stability
one, handling and stability of the meaning of
cars can drive by the driver steering, resistance to change direction in the figure outside interference, to maintain certain speed, the driver will not cause excessive stress and fatigue, stable driving, the car's handling and stability as this ability. vehicle handling and stability and is directly related to traffic safety, poor vehicle handling and stability is difficult to control, serious cases may spin or rollover, causing traffic accidents. So, good handling and stability is important to ensure traffic safety. vehicle handling and stability characteristics of available Stable Steering, car and driver stability limit - Automotive Systems in an emergency handling and stability as the evaluation index
Second, handling and stability of the evaluation index
Stable Steering evaluation of vehicle handling and stability characteristics are important indicators. stable steering characteristics, there are three conditions: understeer, oversteer and neutral steering. drivers are accustomed to driving cars with moderate understeer. Therefore, the design, the general must have the appropriate amount of understeer, to ensure that even when the car suddenly appeared good flick driving performance. To ensure that in normal driving condition car with good handling and stability, but also required the response of the steering wheel angle input to be sensitive, straight sex, and back to the positive good, steering is easy to operate, etc..
steering vehicle the stability of the limit when a great impact on safe driving. If the driver control the car motion state action to make the car more than this limit, the car's movement will lose its stability, spin or rollover, thereby endangering the traffic safety .
the current round of anti-lateral force on the attachment limit is reached first, because the front wheel slip occurs, reduce the car's yaw rate, steering radius, cars will be thrown outside, the occurrence of yaw Drift , suspension and steering device structure and parameters;
2. car use factors, such as centrifugal force, the car great handling and stability.
addition, you should pay attention to speed on the vehicle driving stability injury. speed, the car was understeer, but in high speed, the car may become over-turn. So in high-speed driving, be sure to pay attention to the manipulation of the steering wheel, to avoid excessive centrifugal force, to ensure high-speed traffic safety Automobile ride
2.5 Automobile ride
evaluation methods, usually based on the human body's physiological response to vibration and impact in maintaining the integrity of the formulation of the goods, and with the vibration of the physical quantities, such as frequency, amplitude, acceleration, such as the rate of change of acceleration
ride comfort evaluation index.
currently used natural frequency of vibration of car body acceleration and vibration ride comfort evaluation of the car. results show that, in order to keep the car with good ride comfort , the natural frequency of vibration of the body should be accustomed to walking the human body, the body, the lower the frequency of movement. It is about 60 ~ 85 times / min (1HZ ~ 1.6HZ), vibration acceleration limit is 0.2 ~ 0.3g. To ensure that the integrity of cargo, the body acceleration and it is not too large. If the body acceleration of 1g, the goods have not been fixed may leave the compartment floor. Therefore, the body vibration acceleration limit should be less than 0.6 ~ 0.7g.
one, ride comfort index
rms acceleration is given by the human body in the 1 ~ 80Hz frequency response range of the vibration limits of three different feeling: comfortable - lower limits, fatigue - ergonomic lower limit and the exposure limit.
comfortable - lower limit and remain comfortable about. In this limit, the human body vibration exposure on the subjective feeling well and the successful completion of eating, reading, writing and other activities.
fatigue - Ergonomics reduce the efficiency of the boundaries and keep working. When the pilot to withstand vibration within this limit when driving to maintain the normal manner.
exposure limit is usually the body can withstand vibration, as the upper limit. When the human body to withstand the vibration intensity at this limit within the health or safety will be maintained.
three boundaries to allow the value of vibration acceleration is different. - lower limit vibration) longer, feeling down acceleration permitted limits. Therefore, the available exposure time to reach a certain threshold allows to measure the strength of the human body the size of the vibration sense. the body most sensitive frequency range, the vertical vibration is 4 ~ 8Hz; The level of vibration is 1 ~ 2Hz or less. In 2.8Hz less, the same exposure time, lower than the allowable value of vibration acceleration level of vertical vibration. frequency of 2.8Hz over the opposite.
6
II riding comfort of vehicles of structural factors
order to facilitate the analysis, the need for an automobile by a number of quality vibration system can be simplified. vibration in the study, often by the equivalent system in place of the car that the car is linked to each other as the suspension by the quality and composed of non-suspended mass.
vehicle sprung mass by the body, frame and the assembly of the composition. The quality of the horizontal axis Y through the center of mass moment of inertia is, the sprung mass by the shock absorber and suspension spring and axles, wheels. wheels, axles constitute the quality of the non-suspension, wheels and then after a certain elasticity and damping of the tires on the road support.
suspension structure, tires, suspension and non suspension quality is the quality of ride comfort important because
suspension structure mainly refers to the elastic element, guiding device and the damping device, in which elastic damping suspension system components and a greater impact.
elastic element as the car body to make a flexible suspension vibration of single degree of freedom to reduce suspension stiffness can reduce the body's natural frequency. When the car when the other structural parameters constant, to make the suspension system has a low natural frequency of suspension must have a lot of static deflection. It is Qiche full load, the stiffness of the suspension in the same amount of deformation under static load. of variable stiffness suspension, the static deflection is loaded by motor vehicles, the suspension system and the corresponding static load and to determine the instantaneous stiffness.
In order to prevent cars driving on uneven road often shock buffer block, there should be enough suspension deflection (refer to the position of equilibrium to the suspension and suspension frame touching the deformation).
front and rear suspension dynamic deflection constant static deflection under the corresponding selection model and its value depends on regular use of the road conditions, trucks off-road vehicles may limit the scope to take in order to reduce the wheel and suspension breakdown vacant.
For both large static deflection suspension without affecting the other performance indicators, can take some measures, such as variable stiffness suspension using nonlinear suspension. because of nonlinear suspension stiffness increases with the dynamic travel to move in the same trip, be more dynamic than the linear suspension capacity (refer to the time of suspension from the position of static load, the deformation of the contact with the frame part of the maximum deformation). Suspension of action The greater capacity of the buffer the less likely the impact block. modern truck leaf spring rear suspension on the use of such increases is the Vice-reed the easiest way. In order to load changes, the static deflection remains unchanged, Ideally set in the suspension automatically adjusts the ride height of the device.
curve with variable stiffness suspension, the load change in terms of large trucks, will significantly improve the ride comfort. For example, a truck at full load, the load after the suspension was about 4 times more than empty, assuming suspension stiffness constant, if the static deflection at full load is equal to 100mm, then the empty car of the static deflection will be less than 25mm. is not difficult calculated, fully loaded, the vibration frequency of 1.6Hz, the frequency of the empty car was 3.2Hz. Clearly, the empty car's vibration frequency is too high, ride comfort is poor. If the suspension with variable stiffness, so that the empty car lower stiffness than the full load, will reduce the vibration frequency of the empty vehicle to improve vehicle ride comfort.
in the suspension system, damping vibration attenuation caused by many sources. For example, in a relative motion of the friction pairs , tire deformation, friction between the rubber molecules, or other shock absorber in the system design. For a variety of suspension structure to leaf spring suspension system, the largest dry friction, the greater the number of leaf spring leaves, the greater the friction. So Some cars adopted a leaf spring suspension, you can not put damper, but the value of the damping force is very unstable, rusty steel plate after the resistance is too large and difficult to control. And with the flexibility of the other components of internal friction is small (such as single leaf springs, coil springs, torsion bar springs, etc.) of the suspension, you must use the damper to absorb vibration energy, that vibration is quickly fading.
dry friction suspension system allows the flexibility of suspension components part or artificially locked, making the car vibrate only in the tires, thus increasing the vibration frequency, and so easy to pass on the impact of the body surface. Therefore, to reduce friction between the leaf spring blade should reduce the number of pieces; properly calculated The pieces in the free state radius of curvature for each of the pieces cut into trapezoidal or semi-circular ends to ensure that the contact pressure distribution between segments; in the film grease or friction between the liner and other methods to reduce friction
tire ride comfort on the impact depends on the tire radial stiffness, capacity and flattening the tire inside the tire damping effect caused by friction. reducing tire radial stiffness, can suspension stiffness conversion reduced by 10% to 15% . When the car driving on rough roads, due to the elasticity of the tire, the tire cross-section contour displacement curve to smooth over smooth roads, rocky road of its length than the actual length of at large, the height of the curve when compared with the actual height of the small rough road , the so-called flattening the tires ability. It allows the car's resonance frequency vibration reduction.
order to improve vehicle ride comfort, tire radial stiffness should be reduced as much as possible. in the use of adequate soft suspension cases, a large speed range, the possibility of low-frequency resonance can be eliminated completely. But tire stiffness is too low, will increase the lateral deviation from the wheel, affecting the stability, while also increasing the rolling resistance, reduce tire life .
7
followed by reducing unsprung mass, the relative high frequency vibration will cause increased damping (), and thus reduce the energy absorbed by shock absorber, working conditions can be improved. non-suspended mass can be due to Suspension type of change-oriented devices, the use of independent suspension, can reduce the non-suspended mass.
commonly used non-suspended mass and the suspended mass ratio of the evaluation of non suspended mass impact on ride comfort. the ratio of the smaller ride the better. For modern cars = 10.5 ~ 14.5%, to ensure good ride comfort.
In short, the impact of the structural parameters of ride comfort a lot, and the relations are complicated, we must conduct a comprehensive analysis of these parameters in order to correct Choose parameters and improving the ride comfort of vehicles running.
seat comfort to a great extent depends on the structure, size, layout and body (or the truck's cab) and sealing (dust, rain, to prevent the exhaust gas into the body) ...

Sun Fu-chu of Education of the Series 114

 Sun Fu-chu education the Series 114

 education system Ministry of Education, the three elements of the implementation of

principal official position to do well out of the education reform and the College Entrance Examination reform, education reform must, that is out of the planned economy model of centralized and unified leadership system. if only from a technical level, things like the new curriculum, new class standard, or college entrance examination once a year, several college entrance examination into the class, education reform and the reform were not perform well in college entrance examination. Because these are some still prevalent, the current heavy burden of education exist, arbitrary charges, corruption intensified so many defects still exist for long.
media reports, NEEA has had their computing centers to show off the display can show a Province, a middle school is test what a city. We believe that computer technology could test center and the Department of Space Control Centre of the same advanced, but the test center management system and management philosophy behind the plan is still the mode of economic management. reform and opening up, the State Council Most ministries are at said: the Ministry of Education is the only centralized planned economy management department. unified framework, unified teaching materials, examination. a school for a course, what teaching materials, teachers what to teach, how to teach, how to test, what test, education Department and the test center to be tubes, these are pure business and pure technical problems, principals and classroom teachers fully entitled to decide for themselves. but not now, have to follow the Ministry of Education, Office of Bureau. principals, teachers and schools that teaching autonomy at all. hundreds of thousands of secondary schools and primary schools have to do too monotonous, thousands of people side, not have their own features. did every child has their own interests, hobbies, talents, intelligence and expertise, but admitted that centralized under the leadership of schools, received eight years of standardized, normalized mode after training, are portrayed as no edges and corners, not have their own characteristics, not their own thinking, unified format, uniform size of the machine parts.
old teacher They said: do a best of today's businesses is China's restaurant industry, there are several thousand years of history of the Chinese national characteristics, food and beverage industry has been unprecedented development. memories of a decade ago, our city work, at noon hungry , in the West Chang'an Avenue a few miles away, could not find a restaurant, and now, regardless of the streets, regardless of commercial, residential, tourist attractions around the schools, factories and enterprises around, where not all kinds of restaurants lined the size of . a variety of cuisine: Sichuan, Hunan, Shandong, Huai Yang, Dongbei, everything. a lot of money if you can go to the VIP floor, the royal kitchens, Fangshan, eat Feast, bird's nest fin; a little money can go to the old, Beijing Quan Ju De, Guangdong Big Three, Hangzhou, outer space, Restaurant Filled; want to eat the local cuisine can go to the Dai Village, Tea Horse Road, Chongqing hot pot; eat snacks tea in Guangzhou, Shanghai, snacks, snacks, Chengdu, Beijing, donkey roll, love Wo Wo and Douzhi, mid-range of a small Aries, a large pear, Guo Lin dishes and other chains; how little can go to the food stalls, eat a bowl of beef noodles thirty-five yuan, five hexagonal piece of Huangqiao sesame seed, can make the customer satisfied. teachers said: The current food and beverage industry in China do so on fire, leading to well because the Ministry of Commerce. the Commerce Department to develop guidelines and policies just do a good job of food safety and hygiene, are not allowed to engage in terms of the King, not quasi-tax evasion, and technical issues in the business full decentralization. regardless of state, foreign investment, joint ventures, self-employed, business manager of technical issues by the hotel owner have the final say, the menu of varieties, knife, heat, garnish, what raw materials What condiments, all cooks have the final say, even if the dish with a name, such as fish-flavored pork, Beijing Sauce wire, the practice of each restaurant are not the same taste.'ll come back to look at our education and school Why is the Ministry of Commerce under the leadership of the restaurant industry to do so on fire, under the leadership of the Ministry of Education schools are so rigid?
restaurant supply for the majority of customers of different cuisine, different tastes, different grades of food, should be for the state Department of Education Training expertise in all sectors of different people. a lively young people is a student, are real people. regional, professional, big difference between the students, the school should be greater than the difference in the restaurant, do more unique. we can see, the same party and the government under the leadership of the Ministry of Commerce of leadership and leadership seems to be more sophisticated, the key is to separate government administration from the Ministry of Commerce practice, bold decentralization, some people worry that to chaos, to the chef, knife, heat entirely by the chefs have the final say. Commerce Department officials may have been distinguished school business, economic management, doctors, masters, do the dishes but they should not do more than cook delicious.
I think the Ministry of Commerce on behalf of the party and government leadership experience of the successful food and beverage industry is determined by economic rules and laws. such as: to develop the fine Chinese dining culture, while absorbing the advanced experience of foreign countries as possible to meet the majority of the people on the restaurant requirements, adhere to the Food Safety and Health Act, not the implementation of profits, etc. are not allowed to engage in terms of the King, which is the Ministry of Commerce's own work. As for all the technical and business issues, strong decentralization, the management rights, the right to fully discharge technology business operations to the restaurant manager and cook, firmly relying on experts in, and firmly believe that relying on the masses to good restaurants. We learn from Western experience can be five stars, four-star, three-star restaurants, you can open recruitment of experienced international management staff, but never engage in official standard, there is no deputy ministerial level, department level restaurants and the like.
senior, intermediate vocational schools to do for many years senior, middle class chef, which inherit and develop Chinese culture and dining Technology played a huge role, executive chef certificate for employment, but did not engage in examination-oriented education, not to , taking line, Tiaodang line and what questions the sea, and the like Daquan examination exercises. chef cooking contest held between the though often, but never engage in standardized answers, standardized method and the like. Also, they promote innovation, promotion of engaging in brand of food, the purpose of business, education schools are public institutions, there is a fundamental difference between this.
but these two different areas, different industries leading point of view, it can be summed up some things in common, that of science technology, education, commercial businesses, the implementation of the Party and the government of political leadership, leadership principles and policies, guiding principles of leadership, are acting in accordance with law, to rely on experts in management. fully mobilize the masses, all the utilities do not only reflects the government action, but to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of front-line practitioners and creativity. This is what some people say: education must manage, run separate Church and State separate, or: on business technology issues, . This is just expressed in different, meaning the same.
such as lesson plans, curriculum, teaching content, teaching methods, examination requirements, examination time, review the outline and so on, all business, technical problems can be to the school and teachers, to the school will be among the teaching and research, academic research organizations to manage the education sector do not worry. because these are the principal, headmaster, teaching and research expertise of a long and classroom teachers is their own work. if we can these technical and operational autonomy of the entirely to them, they will rejoice with great enthusiasm and threw himself into with great enthusiasm and creativity of these work well.
so I think the college entrance examination, that some exams in the examination, admission should be wholly owned by the autonomy of schools, they should not be the government's behavior, but the behavior of schools and teachers.
new curriculum, new curriculum and the like should not be in charge of education work Department invited the experts to do the work, you can entirely to the schools as the backbone of the school teachers around the subject of discussion.
These are not the essence of the work of education authorities. Ministry of Education, Office of the Secretary may have been Dr. , MS, and even academicians, have a high degree of academic ability, but they are after all only a subject expert, not a panacea, Dr. no country, the professional, the first line of each subject as a wealth of practical experience of teachers. So On to specific technical issues and specific operational issues, or classroom teachers more voice. give English education, for example, whether the leader should be heard, or read and write the main? education authority leaders, even in English listening, speaking, Reading and writing are strong returning students in English teaching methods should be more or listen to Peking University, Tsinghua University, Renmin, Normal and other old school English Department Director, the old views of teachers as well, otherwise people will think that Bit leadership expert, in front of Shuada Dao Guan Gong. One old teacher said that now the reason why the community education department, there are so many opinions. of which a considerable part of the reason is the education sector should not control a lot of management of the affairs, Since that is the capability, but management is not good, been to a lot of blame.
old teacher who criticized the education department ought not, then what is the education authority is the industry?
I think: education authorities should be firmly seize the implementation of education policies, vigorously correct guiding ideology of education. educational policy is to ask the training moral, intellectual, physical, and aesthetic development of talent. now widely reflected in schools, moral decline, moral, mental decline, ideological and political education On the empty dogma. student life, far from the implementation of values education. The whole social environment is the lack of good faith, telling lies, tell lies, do not speak the truth, do not speak the truth. Experts estimate that: students with mental disorders than 30% of the serious decline in physical fitness of students. There the public outcry, and now the exam-oriented education is training 21 new sick man of Asia. This education authorities continue to exam-oriented education in schools all over the recognition of the implementation of the relationship. corruption, crazy attacks on the wind field of education, a variety of rapid-corruption event in the spread of many schools. The education sector should grasp to do.

Hold the torch ignited the hearts of the hands of the dream

 A volunteer is a handful of soil, but the meaning of our existence, not to be submerged, but the soil together with numerous, achievement of a mountain, a mountain range, a peaks. This mountain, the wind can change direction, you can determine the water flow rate. The wind is the social atmosphere, this water, that is civilization.
mm a few days, the Olympic flame to hope for peace will bring good fortune, the land of China. I will be with those Olympic champion, model workers, technical experts, representatives of outstanding entrepreneurs and celebrities such as advanced, and more obscure, with the dedication of ordinary workers, Qingqi hand torch, set foot on the Journey of Harmony.
This is the story of a lucky dream come true, to a glory of their own awareness and experience, diligence, and perseverance.
become attached to the Olympic Games I was born in
. on the day I was born, br> With this love, I love sports. Sport gives me the passion and aggressive competitive forces, often hard work to see athletes from all nations, regardless of success and failure, both laughter and tears, the hearts of the Federation can not help but surging.
2001 年 7 月 13 日 22:00 GMT, belongs to the Chinese people. Olympics, just one day Dreams. Since then, I have a wish: I want to become an Olympic volunteers. experienced, so the fullness of life can be.
dream come true to go through a painstaking process that requires courage, wisdom, perseverance tested. the other side is the dream of the island, the process of transition is the process of chasing a dream come true. I carefully prepared, also patiently waiting for the arrival of the opportunity .2006 April, the Beijing Volunteers Association recommended, I finally realized his dream of Olympic volunteers, the 2006 Beijing Olympic volunteer recruitment of the first pre- one.
I still clearly remember the day April 10, the first time I enter the Beijing Olympic Tower, conceal his joy. While passing through this countless times Beijing has become a new landmark building, but the real into the Here, see the current 55 volunteers to the same pre-excited look and a brilliant smile, I feel happy, but also feel great responsibility.
one day a week in January, in the Olympic Tower, I spent the most memorable life more than 200 days. Recalling the days when volunteers bit by bit, I was filled with emotion. I deeply appreciate the volunteers not only a glorious title, we must better comprehend its meaning to them. No small streams, not to into the rivers; a short step, a thousand miles. long-term volunteer service experiences and the accumulation of bits and pieces need to consistently adhere to, especially as Olympic volunteers, long way to go. the inner spirit of the Olympic volunteers and attitudes, and temperament and behavior outside the image quality to be higher than the level of ordinary people. quiet dedication behind, in fact, our expectations for the Olympic Games and solemn commitment.
I serve the Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee Personnel Training Department, as training assistant. I try to play the professional qualities and college students knowledge and ability, hard work, careful study and meticulous leadership and departments to complete all tasks given to, for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games preparations to make modest. But , is by no means contribute to an empty slogan, you need real action. volunteer work trivial and dispersed, which requires cautious in their work, attention to detail.
remember the first day of induction, all also with a curious and fresh. Training the work of the trivial but orderly, busy but harmonious. first arrive, the teachers prepared for my computer and the necessary office supplies. Through the study of department rules and regulations, reading relevant documents, I began to understand the job responsibilities, familiar with the work environment. with my teacher gave me the first job is to organize the previous year relevant documents, and input into the computer to go. many years of volunteer service experience told me, volunteer work, big or small, not above his business. can face hundreds of documents, I soon felt monotonous and boring entry work. But when I actually complete the order form to the file statistics teacher, mind adding to a heavy sense of responsibility.
Austria panellist from top to bottom are very kind to volunteers, in all the leaders, teachers care and attention, I gradually integrated into this big family, and they establish deep feelings. Then, my work on the rich enrich themselves.
desk I set them the Beijing Olympic Games has published series of generic training materials, including the Olympic training coordination group under the leadership of the Office, seriously, do a solid job.
work because of years of experience in writing, this work is still relatively easy to use, into the role is relatively fast. However, the Olympics General the contents of training materials have considerable professional, systematic and authoritative, of my own knowledge structure is not a small challenge. forget those days, a book just came out, we must solemnly from the teacher took the heavy hand The print version, read word by word, change. I often take a week to Kenwan it, and then re-reading to submit a very detailed report to the leadership.
work process is a learning process, in the face Some highly specialized sports term, some doubt the words and sentences, some ambiguous statement, the teacher can ask over and over again, a dictionary, Internet access to information. especially the English readers, not only the process of finishing the input of mechanical , summary of a number of sector experts need to modify the teacher's comments, which requires that they can identify with each other, compare, trade-offs. In this work, I found myself enriched the knowledge structure, enhance the self-level.
to Thus, in overtime of the hard work, August 28, 2006, the Beijing Olympic Games series of textbooks published generic training seminar held in the Olympic Tower. When we put a pile of stacked red ribbon tied neatly set of training materials on all the leaders, distinguished guests, experts, in front of the media are, we re-reading the manuscript and proofreading task is completed. look at the scent of ink pervaded the books but also books, like seeing their children as cordial. finally give the results a few months, very relaxed, very proud. before the haunting bit by bit, after that I could not help but go to the General Assembly of the panels together before and these materials, Zhang Ying, because I Beijing Olympic Games with the!
now, the Beijing Olympic Games Generic Training series of textbooks has been officially published in 13 volumes of content rich and detailed, design and generous appearance, will meet the Olympic and Paralympic Games team and all walks of life, of all groups training needs, which also embodies the thought of their pay and labor, filled with pride.
addition to training full-time assistant in this work, I also responsible for routine work in many sectors. assist in the preparation induction training course, paid English training materials, transfer, copy data files, etc., a busy but orderly. BOCOG staff each month in English self-learning materials, on. At the same time, I would like to help do new employees induction training courses, to help coordinate the conference room, slide shows, tune the microphone, such as finishing the feedback form.
this time of my life never forget for some time. work Apart from, you can get to know some friends, can participate in training seminars for foreign expert speakers, can be appointed with colleagues in the exercise, play, you can feel the distance of the day at the Beijing Olympics approaching the sound pulse. I other volunteers along with the smile picture is also an income, experienced the Paralympic mascot Fu Niu held. All of this Meeting together, strung my memories of the Olympic service.
2006 年 12 on 5, International Volunteer Day. I will serve the Olympic record in the process of perception drip down to form a Select Olympic regrets, deeply taken root. is not the time appointed in the service, I will visit Olympic website on time Olympic news, Olympic dynamic attention; I regularly read publications to download the Olympic Games; read newspapers watch TV when the news of the Olympic Games will particularly sensitive, because once I was a part of them; Olympic merchandise, publications Olympics, Olympic souvenirs hh I began to pay attention to the collection, carefully preserved, because they are carrying a special memory.

my volunteer career is a veteran volunteer of the. Olympic volunteer service through the life of the string of vivid memory of the most beautiful chapter. is the species of calm, peaceful, dull of mind, gave me the perseverance and strength of the line go.
1997 years, I became a registered volunteer, started my volunteer career. That year in October, I created Pioneer Junior Eagles team to begin development of community services, environmental protection, student helping the vulnerable and so on. the next few years, I had respect for the elderly disabled, cleaning and environmental services, participated in sports counseling, planting trees, preserving green, etc., served as a major event volunteers (students of the Eighth National Games, CUBA CUBA fifth), to undertake voluntary service through major events (the 65th anniversary celebration of the Chinese People's University, Faculty of Philosophy, Renmin University of China 50 Anniversary), also Volunteers help the overall impact of the Chinese People's University of the Olympic Games (OGGI) project task update site. The volunteer work I have accumulated a lot of service skills and valuable experience. Later, I joined the Chinese Young Volunteers Association of People's University. In this National Ten Outstanding Volunteer Service Group, I have the opportunity to receive professional and systematic training of volunteer service, have the opportunity based on campus while continuing to integrate into the community, in volunteer service activities in the understanding of sacrifice, purification of the mind, increase of knowledge in social practice and talents. I gradually from a common UNHCR (UNHCR) project office volunteers for community volunteer service projects growth of the organizers, managers, and later a large school in the Chinese People's Deputy Minister of the Propaganda Department of the Communist Youth League and the official newspaper of the Communist Youth League School Youth newspaper editorial board of the Ninth National People's Congress of the job, has become the spirit of volunteerism and volunteer advocates, who promote.
years passed and the more I find that only in volunteer service to Let love really boiling, so that the spirit of sublimation. volunteer dedication and request to break the balance, they are the messenger carries the dreams and reality. In the eyes of youth volunteers, volunteer service is an experience for participants to continue to get insights on life's most practical value.
2003 年 battle against SARS, I returned home, and actively work with the local Fang Fei, and volunteered to participate in the fight against SARS volunteers in Nanjing unified organization of the Anti-SARS headquarters of young volunteers, First, the street committees to participate in the investigation services to migrants, and later at the local Center for Disease Control and Prevention under the unified arrangement, passengers in the bus terminal in and out of body temperature measured .20 days of fighting, 80 hours of pay, and I'm Anti-SARS made due contributions to the cause.
I also enthusiastic about public welfare, full use of spare time and holidays, to participate in International Fund for Animal (IFAW), the China Youth Development Foundation, Beijing University Aixin She and other organizations Activities organized by various public welfare. Tao of participating in our school will organize research activities, volunteer service, to basic education in rural areas of Hebei research activities, writing high-quality research reports, won praise. made two trips to the sun in Beijing Village Special Children Aid Study Center, Sun Village contributions of clothing and books required for, sympathy Sun Village Special Children. donate books in the China Youth Development Foundation, the organization Class Hongzhi Middle School of Beijing Guangqumen donations. Renmin University of China as a success in the Institute of charge during the Society launched a series of campus love student activities including Renmin University of China Charity Conference 2006 by the tenth six National Disabled Day and guide students services, contributing to society.
left BOCOG, I began to actively promote the Olympic idea, spread Olympic knowledge Olympic volunteers showcase style. in online forums, I often write articles Olympic service experience and presentation, obligations Olympic volunteers to answer the students on the Olympic volunteer recruitment and consulting services related issues, increase their enthusiasm for participation in Olympic activities .2006 June and August as the seventh classes understanding of the Olympic Games to improve the sense of belonging to the motherland, more attention, support the Beijing Olympic Games.
In addition, I also actively participate in the Olympic academic research, the use of professional expertise, for the Olympics and promote the implementation of the concept of providing intellectual support and theoretical basis. I wrote the ; youth, the second capital of the Olympic mm Creative Students Cultural Festival . As I often pick the wrong official website of the Beijing Olympics, an opinion, outstanding performance, March 2007, I was awarded the honor of the Beijing Olympic Games official website users of the title, but only 2008 people in the world to enjoy this honor.
2007 In May, I was hired as the Chinese Humanistic Olympic Studies Center of Renmin University of propaganda teams of lecturers, speakers volunteer service project. Humanistic Olympic Studies Renmin University of China Center is to be Beijing Municipal CPC Committee, the Beijing Municipal Government commissioned the formation of the research base. level
the time back to June 23, 2007, world-renowned Beijing Olympic torchbearer selection program is officially released. Beijing Olympic Torch Relay will be the million kilometers. Beijing Olympic Torch Relay will be the longest relay route in Olympic history, passing the most extensive one of the largest number of participants in the torch relay, the Olympic movement will write a glorious chapter in the history.
Thus, another Olympic dream that comes in heart took root, I want to strive to become Olympic torchbearers carrying the Olympic ideal person to do, to pass the mission of friendship and peace messages, inflames the passion of the Olympic Games.
2007 年 10 months, I formally to the Beijing Olympic Torch Relay Samsung Electronics sponsors to submit the torchbearer application form. Remember to prepare application materials, I'm rummaging through the re-do the volunteers picked up all these years those memories. from an expert review, users vote, to pass the interview the respondent Samsung China Headquarters step by step way, with deep feelings.
Yes ah, from Athens to Beijing, carrying a four-year cycle of expectation and imagination the world infinite. In my ten years of volunteer service experiences, to actively participate in the Beijing Olympic volunteer service Practice the Humanistic Olympics two years, I Xijinqianhua return to the ideal of valuable time. Beijing Olympics is like my college, broaden my horizons and enriched my experience and improve my personality and refined my character.
Olympic footsteps gradually clear .3 24, Beijing Olympic flame of the fire will be lit in Olympia, Greece site, so on a .5 off the Beijing Olympic Games opened on 4 May, the torch will spread to Sanya, China, the official in the land of China for a period of 3 months of the relay.
smiling volunteers in Beijing the best business card. out of love of sports on the Olympic Games and a responsible social citizen should have, I will continue with their self-confidence and a smile as a footnote to volunteer. Now, I still serve as the Beijing 2008 Environmental volunteers, Greenstone Environmental Action Network, Earth Friends (Friends of the Earth), Greenpeace and the Shanghai Roots & Shoots and other domestic and international volunteer organization registered NGO volunteers. Every time I use holidays to participate in volunteer activities, the ears will be ringing in volunteering teams, took the oath of volunteers: , equality and fraternity, and common progress to contribute to a better society. me the opportunity to realize their dreams, in fact, the dream is starting here, starting from the Olympic Games. volunteer service, endless.